Dynamic Systems Theory Of Motor Development Essay

The development of a child in the first year of life is extremely intense; in just 52 weeks’ an infant goes through major physical, cognitive and social and emotional developments. Three physical changes the infant undergoes includes (1) going from using basic reflexes to learning complex motor skills (e.g. how to crawl and walk); (textbook p. 142; Chapter 4), (2) developing fine motor skills (e.g. precisely reaching and grasping for a toy); (p. 185; Chapter 5), and (3) developing vision, specifically depth perception and pattern perception (e.g. developing the ability to recognize); (pp. 189-193, Chapter 5). These are examples of the dynamic systems theory of motor development as the infant progresses in a sequence. Cognitively, the way infants process information undergoes rapid changes during the infant’s first year. For instance, the Piagetian theory of cognitive development includes (1) the sensorimotor stage in which infants, through trial an error, build their understanding of things around the world (e.g. imitation of familiar behaviour); (p. 203, Chapter 6); (2) building schemas (e.g. a 5 month old child can move or drop an object fairly rigidly, whereas an older child can do the same action but with more intentional and creative movement);(p. 202, Chapter 6) and (3) the concept of object permanence (e.g. an infant knows that an object exists even though it is hidden encourages the child’s perceptual skills and awareness of the objects ‘realness’ in the world (p.Show MoreRelatedIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The three major motor developmental theories are maturation, sensory processing and dynamic. Maturation refers to the biological growth processes that begin at conception and lead to the maturity of the body. These innate (inborn) changes occur in the body, brain and nervous system automatically in an orderly sequence at about the same time for most children. Because these changes are innate, they are not influenced by environmental experiences. Many of our basic abilities are closelyRead MoreUnderstanding And Guiding Developmental Processes1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Physical development refers to physical body changes. It occurs in a relatively stable, predictable sequence. Motor developmental theories provide insights into how children grow and learn. Theories are helpful for understanding and guiding developmental processes. The principle of the maturation theory is growth and development occurs in orderly stages and sequence, that is, certain skills and abilities generally occur before other milestones are reached. For example, most infants learnRead MorePhysical Development Of The Physical Brain And Body1375 Words   |  6 PagesMeyers 2016, p.171). Physical development in early childhood is; awareness of space, body and movement (Rogers Wright 2015, p. 24), development of motor capabilities and physical growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). From birth to two years, children are experiencing physical change; size and weight, brain development and refinement of motor skills (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). The environment, social and genetic aspects all have an influence on the physical development of children (Tatiana et al. 2017Read MoreThe Theory Of A Sheltered Only Child1002 Words   |  5 PagesEvent Analyzed, Theories Applied A sheltered only child, I lacked social learning from my peers in regards to my bike riding. I had the desire to complete these tasks because of vicarious reinforcement, however vicarious reinforcement can often be coupled with fear and anxiety regarding individual performance. Socioculturally, bike riding is what children did and were expected to do at the time. Which made the demand for my performance to excel at the task all the more daunting. Biologically speakingRead MoreDifferent Types Of Electric Motors Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy, applications of electric motors are expanding widely in motor industry, and different types of electric motors are used in all kinds of applications, such as, the public transportation, electric vehicles, and mechanical fans. Because of the variety of working conditions in distinct application usages, engineers are developing various control theories to meet specific requirements based on different types of power system and motor. Generally, an electric motor is a machine which can transformRead MorePhysical and Motor Development in Preschool Children Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesobserving children for common characteristics is important. We can also observe them and find their levels of cognitive and social development. By knowing these levels we are able to develop daily schedules that can work on the weak points in each individuals life. If a child really needs help with their fine motor skills and another child needs to work on their gross motor skills, then we can pair the two up and have them help each other. Observing toddlers in the preschool setting, also allows usRead MoreSex : Female Location : Benjamin Franklin Elementary1162 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical development of motor skills, of which she had very appropriate capabilities for a child of her age. Physical development as defined by Six Developmental Domains. (2011) â€Å"†¦is to do with movement: gross, or large, movement of limbs and fine manipulative movement of fingers. Physical development depends on growth of the body and nervous system so that messages from the brain can be carried to the muscles to stimulate them to move.† During the hour Emma displayed gross and fine motor skills whileRead MoreMemory Isa Constructive and Dynmaic System Rather Thana Passive Mechanism for Recording External Information. Evaluate This Claim, Making Reference to Research Findings1669 Words   |  7 PagesMemory is a constructive and dynamic system rather than a passive mechanism for recording external information. Evaluate this claim, making reference to research findings. In order to evaluate this claim it is necessary to look at some of the research that has been carried out on memory. Most of the relevant research findings support the theory that memory is indeed a constructive and dynamic system but how much of what we store in our memory is down to active and conscious energy and how muchRead MoreTheories Of Human Development1401 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best beRead MoreThe Motor Control Theory And The Dynamical Systems Theory2137 Words   |  9 PagesCompari son of Theories According to Beek, Peper, and Stegeman (1995), â€Å"the motor control theories provide an explanation on how the nervous system will solve the degrees of freedom problem and serve to direct movement command.† The following theories are the generalized motor program theory and the dynamical systems theory. The GMP theory â€Å"proposes that the movement plan is retrieved from memory within the central nervous system and neural instructions are sent down to the effectors via the efferent

Will Smith Free Essays

Will Smith is one of the greatest actors, singers and rappers of our time. Even from his youth to his adulthood, he has become one of the most influential people of America. He has become a gifted and talented actor, demanding millions of dollars for his parts in number one hits movies at the box office. We will write a custom essay sample on Will Smith or any similar topic only for you Order Now With his charm, his talent, and his generosity he will be a household name remembered for years to come. Williard C. Smith, Jr. known as Will grew up in a middle class area in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, called Winnfied located in the Overbrook section of West Philadelphia. Will Smith is the youngest of four children born to Caroline and Willard Smith, Sr. Will Smith’s heritage is both African American and Native America. He attended a Baptist church near his home with his family. As a young boy, Will loved to sing and rap. He was a talented little boy who loved to be in the spotlight. As a young boy, he was given the name Prince, because he always talked his way out of trouble and because of his charming looks. He was a very smart child growing up. Will was one of those kids everyone wanted to be like and be around. He was close to parents; unfortunately they divorced when Will was young. Will was then raised by his mother, Caroline and three other siblings. He attended the prestigious Julia Reynolds Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School in Philadelphia. He was later transferred to Overbrook High School, where he graduated. His good SAT scores didn’t satisfy him to get into a college he wanted to enroll. His plans were to study computer engineering. Therefore, he pursued music. He then met Jeffrey A. Townes at a party that he attended and they soon began performing together. They were known as â€Å"DJ Jazzy Jeff and Fresh Prince. † He was the first hip-hop artist to be nominated for an Academy Award. He won a Grammy Award for the song â€Å"Summertime† during his rap career and received the first ever Grammy Award for Best Performance for the song â€Å"Parents Just Don’t Understand† in 1989. In 1990, Will Smith was almost near bankruptcy, and that was when Benny medina and NBC had an idea for a sitcom based on his life in Beverley Hills. NBC television network signed Will to a contract on the hit sitcom, â€Å"Fresh Prince of Bel-Air†. It was this sitcom that prepared him for his acting career. The sitcom lasted six years; during that time, he ventured into movies. Starring in his first movie,†Six Degrees of Separation† in 1993. After that movie, he was offered major roles in Independence Day, in which he played a fearless and confident fighter pilot. He was also starred in Men in Black, where he played the confident agent J. From then on he has gained lead in many successes including Men In Black II, Bad Boys II, I Robot, and Hitch. Will met his first wife, Sheree Smith at a taping of â€Å"A Different World† in 1992. They had one son together, Willard Smith, III (Trey), he was born on November 11, 1992. Will and Sheree divorced in 1995. Will Smith then met his second wife, Jada Pinkett in 1995 when she tried out for the role of his girlfriend on â€Å"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. † They have two kids together, Jaden Christopher Syre Smith, he was born July 8, 1998, and a daughter, Willow Camille Reign Smith born October 30, 2000. How to cite Will Smith, Papers

Saving the Soil free essay sample

An examination of the erupting soil depletion issue and possible solutions. Soil is an incredibly important resource and maintaining the fertility of our soils is a pressing issue at the forefront of environmental science as we try to feed an expanding global population. Queensland, Australia is one area of the world where soil is being depleted and degraded at an alarming rate. Through an examination of this specific resource management problem, this essay analyzes the concept of impact assessment to develop fair, efficient and effective solutions to this environmental problem. ?The preservation and conservation of the worlds soil is a serious resource management problem. The sustainable use of our soil will be a major challenge for the human species for many years to come. When assessing the impact of any resource management problem and developing feasible solutions to that problem certain factors must be taken into consideration. Examining the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of a proposed solution is paramount to its potential success. We will write a custom essay sample on Saving the Soil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A solution for soil loss that is completely unfair to farmers or ranchers will be rigorously opposed and impossible to implement.?

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essay n Crew The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essayn Crew TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Purpose/Audience 5 Sources 5 Limitaions 5 Scope 5 COLLECTED DATA 5 Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5 Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6 Duties of the Crew Members 7 Expectations of the Crew 7 The Crew is a Team 8 Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8 Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9 Trusting the Crews Judgment 9 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9 Outline of CRM Training 10 LOFT Training 10 Organizing Resources and Priorities 11 CONCLUSION 11 Summary of Findings 11 Interpretation of Findings 11 REFERENCES 13 We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ABSTRACT The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likely therell be an accident. INTORDUCTION Background The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error cant be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced. Purpose/Audience This report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program. Sources Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Scope Teamwork and communication are a critical factor in the crews operation of aircraft. Accidents can be prevented when these two factors are considered. COLLECTED DATA Importance of Communication amoung the Crew People communicate to each other every day. From a kids talking to their parents about their report card, to doctors working in an operating room. In order for us to understand one another we must be clear in what we say. For instance, if a doctor tells a nurse to pull a certain plug on a machine, hed better be clear on what he says or the nurse might end up harming a patient. Likewise, the cabin and flight crew must work together. In a typical cockpit the flight crew is very busy, and they need to be well organized to handle the many tasks they perform. They need to communicate properly and clearly for safe operations, if they dont their actions could result in a tragedy. Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents Mechanical problems and technical malfunctions do contribute to aircraft accidents, but human error is the main cause, accounting for 65% of the accidents (FAA News, 1996). See the pie chart in figure 1. This figure is quit high, and if it were possible to reduce human error the accident rate would drop significantly. Accidents that occur because of human error are not a direct result of just one error but of a chain of errors. The human error chain results when one bad decision leads to another which leads to the accident. The question is, how can we reduce human error in the cockpit? Studies have shown that most incidents could have been prevented if communication and leadership skills were improved. .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .postImageUrl , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:visited , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:active { border:0!important; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:active , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus's Crime EssayDuties of Crew Members In order to have a clear understanding of whos involved in the crew, these positions with their duties will be discussed. There are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members theres no flight engineer. (this is to reduce costs). The Captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC). He/she has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibility rest on his/her shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain in his/her duties, .

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays

Intrusion Detection Systems Essays Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems Paper Intrusion Detection Systems In 1980, James Anderson’s paper, Computer Security Threat Monitoring and Surveillance, bore the notion of intrusion detection. Through government funding and serious corporate interest allowed for intrusion detection systems(IDS) to develope into their current state. So what exactly is IDS? An IDS is used to detect malicious network traffic and computer usage through attack signatures. The IDS watches for attacks not only from incoming internet traffic but also for attacks that originate in the system. When a potential attack is detected the IDS logs the information and sends an alert to the console. How the alert is detected and handled at is dependent on the type of IDS in place. Through this paper we will discuss the different types of IDS and how they detect and handle the alerts, the difference between a passive and a reactive system and some general IDS intrusion invasion techniques. First lets go over what the difference is between a passive and a reactive IDS. In a passive IDS the sensor of detects an potential threat then logs the information and sends an alert to the console. With a reactive IDS, also known as an intrusion prevention system(IPS), the threat would be detected and logged. Then the reactive IDS would either reset the connection or reprogram the firewall to block network traffic from the suspected source, which could be automatic or at the control of an operator. Therefore a reactive system will act in response to the threat were as a passive system will only log and send an alert to the console informing the operator of a threat. There are many types of intrusion detection systems, network intrusion detection, host based, protocol based, application protocol based, anomaly based and hybrid. The first one we are going to discus is network intrusion detection systems or NIDS. With NIDS the system attempts to detect threats and attacks, such as denial of service attacks, port scans and attempts to hack into computers by monitoring the network traffic in real time through a promiscuous connection. It does so by first filtering out all known non-malicious traffic and then analyzing the remaining incoming packets for suspicious patterns that could be threats. It is not however limited to just analyzing incoming packets, the system also analyzes the outgoing local traffic, in case of an attack/threat that originates inside of the local network. Snort is an example of this. Host based intrusion detection systems unlike network intrusion detection systems, which focus on a computing system’s external interfaces, host based systems focus on the monitoring and examination of the computing system’s internals. Host based systems are more concerned with the changes in state of a computing system. It detects these changes by analyzing system specific logs either in real time or periodically. When there is any change in the logs the IDS will compare the current configuration of the security policy to the changes and react accordingly. An example of this would be tripwire. Protocol based intrusion detection systems (PIDS) monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol. In a typical setup there is a system or agent sitting at the front end of the server. This agent or system monitors the communication protocol between the computing system, it is trying to protect, and a connected device. The main goal of protocol based IDS is to impose the proper use of the protocol used between the protected computing system and all connected devices. Bro and sort are examples of protocol based intrusion detection systems. Application protocol based intrusion detection systems (APIDS) are used to monitor the protocols specific to certain applications and protocols being used by the computing system. The typical setup, similar to protocol based IDS, consists of a system or agent that sits in front of a group of servers where it will monitor and analyze the communication protocols specific to applications. An example would be to have an APIDS between a web server and a database system where the APIDS monitors the SQL protocol being used between them. Anomaly based intrusion detection systems detect attacks and threats through the monitoring of system activity and classifying it based on heuristic or rules instead of patterns and signatures. The IDS classifies activity as either normal or anomalous based on its analysis. Since the classification is determined by heuristic or rules it has a significant advantage over systems that use signatures. In signature based detection the signature has to have been previously created where in anomaly based any type of use that doesn’t coincide with the normal use of the system will be detected malicious or not. Snort is an example of this type of system. Hybrid intrusion detection systems consist of a combination of one or more approaches to intrusion detection systems. Typically you would use a host based IDS and a network IDS to develop an extensive overview of the entire network. The biggest benefit that a hybrid IDS has over any single type of IDS is the large amount of sensors it has to detect malicious activity. Prelude is an example of an hybrid IDS. As with any other type of security device there will always be some one looking for holes in the fence. Intrusion detection systems are no different. Through many intrusion invasion techniques people are able to avoid detection by changing the states of the IDS and the targeted computing system by manipulating the attack or the network traffic that contains the attack. Some of the techniques we will cover in this paper are obfuscating attack payload fragmentation and small packets, overlapping fragments, protocol violations, inserting traffic at the IDS, denial of service. Obfuscating attack payload is simply what it means, which is to encode the attack so that the IDS will be unable to reverse the packets but the target computer can. A way to do this is through encoding attack packets with a Unicode character in which an IDS recognize but an IIS server will be able decode thus being attacked. You can also use polymorphic code in so that you can trick signature-based IDSs by creating unique attack patterns so there is not a distinct attack signature that can be easily detected. Another technique used to evade IDS is through fragmentation and small packets. With this technique you simply just split the packets up into smaller packets or create packets with a small payload also known as ‘session splicing’. Although small packets alone, will not be enough to evade an IDS with a packet reassembler. Hope is not lost though you can still modify the packets to complicate reassembly. One way to confuse the reassembler is to pause between sending parts of the attack in hope that the reassembler will time out but not the target computer. Another way is to send the packets out of order so that the reasssembler gets confused but the target computer does not. An IDS evasion technique, known as overlapping fragments, uses TCP sequence numbers to confuse the IDS. It basically creates a series of packets with TCP sequence numbers configured to overlap. So for example you send the first packet that includes 80 bytes you then send the second packet with a sequence number of 76 bytes after the start of the first packet. The target computer, when it tries to reassemble the TCP stream, has to decide how to handle the 4 bytes that overlapping. Some systems take it from the older data and some from the newer data, it is dependent on the operating system of the target computer. Protocol violations are another technique of IDS intrusion invasion. Using protocol violations you simply exploit known violations to a protocol that will be interpreted differently by the IDS than by the target computer. An example of this would be to use the TCP Urgent Pointer that is handled differently by different operating systems and the IDS may not handle it correctly. Another evasion technique is inserting traffic at the IDS. This is where you send packets that the IDS will see but the target computer will not. This is accomplished by simply crafting packets whose time to live fields have been configured to reach the IDS but not the target computer. This creates a situation where the IDS is in a different state than the target computer. Denial of service attacks or DoS attacks, are used to evade detection by overloading and disabling the IDS. To achieve this the attack will exploit a known bug in the IDS using up computational resources needed by the IDS. This can also be accomplished by intentional generating a large number of alerts to set up a front to hide the real attack. Utilities such as stick and snot are designed to send a large amount of attack signatures across a network to spawn a large number of IDS alerts. However this will only work on IDSs that do not maintain application protocol context. As you can see with the numerous ways around intrusion detection systems, as with any network security system, there is no complete security solution. Even with this there will always be a need for intrusion detection systems. The best of which would be a combination of network and host based IDSs, in other words a hybrid IDS. These will give you the benefits of both worlds of IDS and allow for greater security. Whatever your opinion on which solution is right for you, intrusion detection systems are here to stay and are a valuable tool in network security. Resources securityfocus. com/infocus/1514

7 Fun Challenges to Hold During Your 2016 Office Olympics

7 Fun Challenges to Hold During Your 2016 Office Olympics Olympic fever, 2016 edition, has set in. And although you’d rather be sitting on your couch watching round-the-clock streams of water polo and steeplechase, there’s the pesky fact that unlike Bob Costas, you’re not paid to live, breathe, and eat Olympics for the next few weeks. So you need to go to work- but that doesn’t necessarily mean you need to leave all things Olympic behind. Here are some Olympic events you can host at work, until you can get home and watch the USA basketball team humiliate some tiny nation that doesn’t have an NBA-packed roster.1. Competitive Chair SwivelHow many times can you spin without your feet touching the ground?2. Synchronized Stair WalkingIt builds teamwork![via Giphy]3. The 100M Freestyle Hallway SwimEat your heart out, Michael Phelps.4. Lobby GymnasticsBe sure to stick the landing! [via Tumblr]5. Cubicle HurdlesMaybe don’t do this one without a doctor present, or if your company has policies against, uh, da ngerous activities.6. Water Cooler Clean-and-JerkHow much can you lift without getting your shoes wet? [via Tumblr]7. Parking Lot MarathonGet ready for 26.2 meters of glory. [via USAFTW]The Closing CeremonyDon’t leave it out–pageantry is important! [via fanpop]

MBA in Supply Chain Management module Change and performance measures Essay

MBA in Supply Chain Management module Change and performance measures - Essay Example The ltter brngs fewer volumes of effectve negotton nd brgnng power nd t gurntees flexble nd quck responses for busness. n vew of bove, t s beng questoned why compnes turn to delng wth decentrlzed mngement when centrlzed procurement results n obvously domnnt effectveness. The response to ths queston wll be tht there re no dvntges of one pproch to purchsng over nother; there s one wy of effectve procurement tht gurntees successful outcome nd t by mens - blncng decentrlzed nd centrlzed pproches when dong regulr purchses n the system of supply chn mngement. Centrlzed keepng of wrehouse purchses s n effectve step towrds keepng the sfety stocks nd ncrese nventory turnover. However, whle centrlzng solves the nventory mngement problem to degree, wth very lrge number of prts the nventory mngement of slow movng prts s stll formdble chllenge. To llustrte the problem we cn use the Preto, or 20/80 rule (Donld, Bowersox, Closs, 1996), to see how lrge number of tems drve up nventory mngement costs nd undermnes the development of more cost-effectve servce strtegy. Usng the rule we cn see tht lmted number of fst movng tems - usully round 20 % of the tems - mke up 80% of sles nd profts nd only smll frcton of nventory mngement costs. These re the fst movng -prts. The rest re the B- nd C- prts tht drve hgh nventory mngement costs whle not contrbutng to the proftblty of the busness (B-prts re the 50% of the products tht mke up 15% of the sles. C-prts contrbute wth 5% of sles but mke up 30% of the tems n nventory). However, the perspectve provded by the Preto nlyss helps us see potentl soluton. Wht f t were found tht number of the slow movng B- nd C- prts fulfl the necessry techncl requrements for beng produced usng Rpd Mnufcturng f ths were the cse t would be possble to replce keepng prt n nventory wth producng t on demnd. n other words, the soluton would be to replce nventory n the centrlzed wrehouse wth Rpd Mnufcturng cpcty n connecton wth the centrlzed spre prts centre. Wht s the potentl beneft of replcng nventory holdng wth rpd mnufcturng cpcty n the centrlzed spre prts centre Currently the slow movng B- nd C- prts drve up nventory holdng nd logstcs costs tht need to be subsdzed wth profts from fst movng prts. ntroducng Rpd Mnufcturng would cut the hgh nventory holdng nd logstcs costs of the slow movng prts, nd reduce the need to subsdze the hgh costs of B- nd C-prts wth profts from fst movng prts. Ths would lso reduce the vulnerblty of the OEM's busness to rlnes nvestng n Rpd Mnufcturng cpcty on ther own. Centrlzed wrehousng combned wth centrlzed Rpd Mnufcturng for the slow movng B- nd C- prts keeps nventory low whle t the sme tme keepng nvestments n rpd mnufcturng cpcty well utlzed. Opertng stnd-lone mchnes n number of dfferent loctons s neffcent becuse the requred qulfed personnel cn not be employed very effectvely. s more prts re found where nventory holdng cn be replced wth Rpd Mnufcturng, nd the demnd for these prts exceeds the cpcty of sngle RM